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比利时坦比连犬(Belgian Tervuren)AKC标准及简介
[简介]
比利时坦比连犬给人的印象是一种匀称的中型犬，态度文雅，身体比例呈正方形，头部和颈部非常高傲的昂起。他结实、灵活且肌肉发达，永远都保持警觉。整体结构给人的印象是有深度、可靠，但不粗笨。无疑，雄性显示出来的是阳刚之气，而雌性明显比较柔美，但评判标准是与雄性相同的。比利时坦比连犬是一种自然的狗，比赛中不需要刻意摆造型。
比利时坦比连犬表现出来的品质是聪明、勇敢、机警且热爱主人。除了能放牧羊群外，还能保护主人和主人的财产，但并不十分好斗。在命令下，他警惕、专注并付之行动。
比利时坦比连犬是一种牧羊犬，任何妨碍其工作能力的地方（违反下列描述的特征），例如错误的步态、咬和、被毛、气质都属于缺陷。
[体型]
雄性肩高约24~26英寸；雌性肩高约22~24英寸。将根据其整体协调性和背离上述标准的程度进行扣分。雄性低于23英寸或高于26.5英寸属于失格；雌性低于21或高于24.5英寸属于失格。身体比例为正方形，体长，从肩胛末端到臀部的距离，大致与肩高相等。雌性可能略长一些。骨量中等，与整体比例匀称，整体非常协调，身躯既不瘦长或细长腿，也不笨重。
[头部]
轮廓分明，皮肤紧，头部长但不夸张。表情：显得聪明而疑惑，显示出警惕、关注和准备行动。眼睛：褐色，中等大小，略呈杏仁形，不突出。浅色、黄色或圆形的眼睛都属于失格。耳朵：三角形，杯状，牢固地直立，高度与耳根宽度相等。耳根位置高，耳朵根部不能低于眼睛中心线。耳朵象猎犬那样耷拉着属于失格。脑袋和口吻：从止部测量，脑袋和口吻的长度大致相等。整体尺寸与身躯相称。头顶略平坦，不圆拱，宽度与长度大致相等，宽度不能大于长度。止部适中。从侧面观察，口吻的轮廓与脑袋的轮廓平行。口吻略微有点尖，不能象被截断的样子或厚脸皮。颌部结实而有力。鼻镜为黑色，无污迹或褪色。鼻孔清晰。嘴唇：紧，黑色，嘴闭着时，从外部看不到粉红色。
牙齿：完整、有力的白牙齿，均匀分布，剪状咬和或钳状咬和。上颚突出式咬和或下颚突出式咬和属于缺陷。下颚突出式咬和如果有两颗或两颗以上的上门牙无法与下门牙接触，属于失格。如果是因为中间门牙短而上下门牙无法接触，但其他部分咬和正确的，不被判定为下颚突出式咬和。牙齿断裂或变色不属于缺陷。缺齿属于缺陷。
[颈部、背线、身躯]
颈部：圆，肌肉发达，长而文雅，略微圆拱，从身躯到头部逐渐变细。皮肤紧，没有松懈。马肩隆突出。背线：平、直、且稳固。臀部长度适中，逐渐向尾根处倾斜。胸部：不宽，但也没有特别窄，相当深，深度延伸到肘部，构成平顺优美的曲线延伸到腹部。腹部：适度发达，既不过分上提，也没有大肚子。肋骨扩张良好，但侧面平坦。腰部，从上方观察，显得短、宽而结实，平滑的与背部结合。尾巴：尾根处结实，尾骨延伸到飞节。休息时，尾巴下垂，末端靠近飞节。运动时，尾巴上卷到背线的高度，略微弯曲，但不能象个钩子。尾巴不能举高过背线，也不能扭向任何一侧。断尾属于失格。
[前躯]
肩部：肩胛长，以45度角向后倾斜，平靠着身躯，与上臂骨形成一个直角。肩胛骨上端距离约2指宽。上臂的活动方向与身体的纵轴相同。前臂长，且肌肉发达。前肢：直、彼此平行，垂直于地面。骨骼呈卵形而不是圆形。脚腕短，结实，非常轻微地倾斜。狼爪可以被切除。足爪：圆，猫足，既不向内弯，也不向外翻。脚趾弯曲、紧密。脚垫厚实，趾甲结实。
[后躯]
后腿：有力但不笨重，与前躯的式样相同。骨骼呈卵形而不是圆形。大腿宽而肌肉非常发达。后膝关节清晰，上半部大腿与下半部大腿呈直角。飞节：适度倾斜，跖骨短，从后面观察，垂直于地面且彼此平行。狼爪被切除。足爪：略长，脚趾紧密、弯曲，脚垫厚实、趾甲结实。
[被毛]
比利时坦比连犬对极端的气候和温度具有独特的适应性。外层披毛必须长、适合、直且丰厚。毛发质地为中等粗硬，不应该呈丝状或刚毛状。波浪状或卷曲的被毛不符合要求。底毛非常浓厚，能适应各种气候条件。头部、耳朵外侧、腿下半部的毛发略短，张开的耳朵有丛毛保护。饰毛：由更长、更丰厚的毛发构成，如围绕颈部的围脖；前臂后方的饰毛；大腿和“裤子”部分的长长的饰毛；尾巴上长、厚重而丰厚的毛发。雌性很少能有象雄性那样的饰毛。这种区别在评判雌性时必须考虑到。
[颜色]
身躯的颜色为各种驼色到红褐色或桃木色。被毛的颜色为非常独特的双色素：每根驼色毛发的尖端都会变黑。比利时坦比连犬的特色在于随着年龄增长，颜色会变深。成年雄性，在肩部、背部和肋骨部分，毛发的黑色尖端会尤其明显。只有小部分片段有黑色毛尖则不合要求。虽然，允许雌性和未成年雄性缺乏黑色毛尖，但成年雄性如果缺乏黑色毛尖属于严重缺陷。褪色，如奶酪色或灰色占据主导，属于非常严重的缺陷。
胸部：通常为黑色，但允许为黑色和灰色的混合。允许胸前有一块的白色斑纹，但不能延伸到颈部和胸下。脸部有黑色面具，耳朵通常也是黑色。脸部完全没有黑色属于严重缺陷。霜色或白色出现在口吻或下巴是正常的。身躯下部、尾巴及“裤子”部分为奶酪色、灰色或浅米色。尾巴尖为深色或黑色。足爪：脚趾尖可能是白色，趾甲0\">纯黑色、纯肝色，除了胸部、口吻、下巴、脚趾尖以外的部分出现白色都属于失格。
[步态]
活泼而优美，步幅大且不费力。总是在活动，显得永不疲劳，动作灵活比驱动力强大更重要。在快速跑动时，比利时坦比连犬的足迹为单一轨迹，前后肢都由于重力作用而聚拢在身体中心线下。从侧面观察，前后肢都 能得到充分的伸展，背线水平而稳固，与运动方向一致，这一品种绕圆形跑动要胜于直线跑动。步态僵硬、马步、交织步、蟹形步态及类似的步态都属于缺陷，并根据其对工作能力的影响程度而扣分。
[气质]
其与人类的关系，对陌生人时刻警惕且密切关注，但不担心。不应该显得害怕或羞怯。不能无理由、无原因的凶狠攻击。他应该显得亲切，站在那里，显得很自信。由此而知，他应该是友善、友好的，对他关注的事物热心，有很强的占有欲。
[失格]
雄性低于23英寸或高于26.5英寸；雌性低于21或高于24.5英寸
耳朵象猎犬那样耷拉着
下颚突出式咬和而且有两颗或两颗以上的上门牙无法与下门牙接触
断尾
纯黑色、纯肝色，除了胸部、口吻、下巴、脚趾尖以外的部分出现白色
标准通过日期：1990年 9月11日
标准执行日期：1990年10月30日
Belgian Tervuren Breed Standard
General Appearance
The first impression of the Belgian Tervuren is that of a well-balanced, medium-size dog, elegant in appearance, standing squarely on all fours, with proud carriage of head and neck. He is strong, agile, well-muscled, alert and full of life. He gives the impression of depth and solidity without bulkiness. The male should appear unquestionably masculine; the female should have a distinctly feminine look and be judged equally with the male. The Belgian Tervuren is a natural dog and there is no need for excessive posing in the show ring.
The Belgian Tervuren reflects the qualities of intelligence, courage, alertness and devotion to master. In addition to his inherent ability as a herding dog, he protects his master\'s person and property without being overtly aggressive. He is watchful, attentive, and usually in motion when not under command.
The Belgian Tervuren is a herding dog and versatile worker. The highest value is to be placed on qualities that maintain these abilities, specifically, correct temperament, gait, bite and coat.
Size, Proportion, Substance
The ideal male is 24 to 26 inches in height and female 22 to 24 inches in height measured at the withers. Dogs are to be penalized in accordance to the degree they deviate from the ideal. Males under 23 inches or over 26½ inches or females under 21 inches or over 24½ inches are to be disqualified. The body is square; the length measured from the point of shoulder to the point of the rump approximates the height. Females may be somewhat longer in body. Bone structure is medium in proportion to height, so that he is well-balanced throughout and neither spindly or leggy nor cumbersome and bulky.
Head
Well-chiseled, skin taut, long without exaggeration. Expression intelligent and questioning, indicating alertness, attention and readiness for action. Eyes dark brown, medium-size, slightly almond shape, not protruding. Light, yellow or round eyes are a fault. Ears triangular in shape, well-cupped, stiff, erect; height equal to width at base. Set high, the base of the ear does not come below the center of the eye. Hanging ears, as on a hound, are a disqualification. Skull and muzzle measuring from the stop are of equal length. Overall size is in proportion to the body, top of skull flattened rather than rounded, the width approximately the same as, but not wider than the length. Stop moderate. The topline of the muzzle is parallel to the topline of the skull when viewed from the side. Muzzle moderately pointed, avoiding any tendency toward snipiness or cheekiness. Jaws strong and powerful. Nose black without spots or discolored areas. Nostrils well defined. Lips tight and black, no pink showing on the outside when mouth is closed. Teeth Full complement of strong white teeth, evenly set, meeting in a scissors or a level bite. Overshot and undershot teeth are a fault. An undershot bite such that there is a complete loss of contact by all the incisors is a disqualification. Broken or discolored teeth should not be penalized. Missing teeth are a fault. Four or more missing teeth are a serious fault.
Neck, Topline, Body
Neck round, muscular, rather long and elegant, slightly arched and tapered from head to body. Skin well-fitting with no loose folds. Withers accentuated. Topline level, straight and firm from withers to croup. Croup medium long, sloping gradually to the base of the tail. Chest not broad without being narrow, but deep; the lowest point of the brisket reaching the elbow, forming a smooth ascendant curve to the abdomen. Abdomen moderately developed, neither tucked up nor paunchy. Ribs well-sprung but flat on the sides. Loin section viewed from above is relatively short, broad and strong, but blending smoothly into the back. Tail strong at the base, the last vertebra to reach at least to the hock. At rest the dog holds it low, the tip bent back level with the hock. When in action, he may raise it to a point level with the topline giving it a slight curve, but not a hook. Tail is not carried above the backline nor turned to one side. A cropped or stump tail is a disqualification.
Forequarters
Shoulders long, laid back 45 degrees, flat against the body, forming a right angle with the upper arm. Top of the shoulder blades roughly two thumbs width apart. Upper arms should move in a direction exactly parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body. Forearms long and well-muscled. Legs straight and parallel, perpendicular to the ground. Bone oval rather than round. Pasterns short and strong, slightly sloped. Dewclaws may be removed. Feet rounded, cat footed, turning neither in nor out, toes curved close together, well-padded, strong nails.
Hindquarters
Legs powerful without heaviness, moving in the same pattern as the limbs of the forequarters. Bone oval rather than round. Thighs broad and heavily muscled. Stifles clearly defined, with upper shank at right angles to hip bones. Hocks moderately bent. Metatarsi short, perpendicular to the ground, parallel to each other when viewed from the rear. Dewclaws are removed. Feet slightly elongated, toes curved close together, heavily padded, strong nails.
Coat
The Belgian Tervuren is particularly adaptable to extremes of temperature or climate. The guard hairs of the coat must be long, close-fitting, straight and abundant. The texture is of medium harshness, not silky or wiry. Wavy or curly hair is a fault. The undercoat is very dense, commensurate, however, with climatic conditions. The hair is short on the head, outside the ears, and on the front part of the legs. The opening of the ear is protected by tufts of hair. Ornamentation consists of especially long and abundant hair, like a collarette around the neck, particularly on males; fringe of long hair down the back of the forearm; especially long and abundant hair trimming the breeches; long, heavy and abundant hair on the tail. The female rarely has as long or as ornamented a coat as the male. This disparity must not be a consideration when the female is judged against the male.
Color
Body rich fawn to russet mahogany with black overlay is ideal and preferred. Predominate color that is pale, washed out, cream or gray is a fault. The coat is characteristically double pigmented whereby the tips of fawn hairs are blackened. Belgian Tervuren characteristically become darker with age. On mature males, this blackening is especially pronounced on the shoulders, back and rib section. Blackening in patches is a fault. Although allowance should be made for females and young males, absence of blackening in mature dogs is a serious fault.
Chest is normally black, but may be a mixture of black and gray. White is permitted on the chest/sternum only, not to extend more than 3 inches above the prosternum, and not to reach either point of shoulder. Face has a black mask and the ears are mostly black. A face with a complete absence of black is a serious fault. Frost or white on chin or muzzle is normal. The underparts of the body, tail, and breeches are cream, gray, or light beige. The tail typically has a darker or black tip. Feet - The tips of the toes may be white. Nail color may vary from black to transparent. Solid black, solid liver or any area of white except as specified on the chest, tips of the toes, chin and muzzle are disqualifications.
Gait
Lively and graceful, covering the maximum ground with minimum effort. Always in motion, seemingly never tiring, he shows ease of movement rather than hard driving action. He single tracks at a fast gait, the legs both front and rear converging toward the centerline of gravity of the dog. Viewed from the side he exhibits full extension of both fore and hindquarters. The backline should remain firm and level, parallel to the line of motion. His natural tendency is to move in a circle, rather than a straight line. Padding, hackneying, weaving, crabbing and similar movement faults are to be penalized according to the degree with which they interfere with the ability of the dog to work.
Temperament
In his relationship with humans he is observant and vigilant with strangers, but not apprehensive. He does not show fear or shyness. He does not show viciousness by unwarranted or unprovoked attack. He must be approachable, standing his ground and showing confidence to meet overtures without himself making them. With those he knows well, he is most affectionate and friendly, zealous for their attention and very possessive.
Faults: Any deviation from these specifications is a fault. In determining whether a fault is minor, serious, or major, these two factors should be used as a guide:
1. The extent to which it deviates from the standard.
2. The extent to which such deviation would actually affect the working ability of the dog.
Disqualifications
Males under 23 inches or over 26½ inches or females under 21 inches or over 24½ inches.
Hanging ears, as on a hound.
An undershot bite such that there is a complete loss of contact by all the incisors.
A cropped or stump tail.
Solid black, solid liver or any area of white except as specified on the chest, tips of the toes, chin, and muzzle.
Approved January 9, 2007
Effective March 1, 2007 |
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发表于 2007-6-10 10:39:03
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